How a biopsy of thyroid gland nodules is performed

💉 Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid is performed not only to “reach the nodule,” but also to strategically select solid and hypoechoic areas, as these areas may more frequently contain cellular changes relevant for diagnosis.

📋 The quality of the result directly depends on this initial selection, since the Bethesda system classifies not only the presence or absence of malignancy, but also the level of suspicion, which may vary depending on the area from which the sample was collected.

For this reason, the same thyroid lesion may produce different results during repeated biopsies, not necessarily because of disease progression, but also due to the internal heterogeneity of the nodule or an insufficiently representative sample that may underestimate the actual risk.

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