Cardiotocography | How do we measure and interpret the fetal heart rate?

Cardiotocography (CTG) is a non-invasive method for monitoring fetal well-being, during which the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions are recorded simultaneously. The examination helps assess how the baby is feeling in utero and whether adequate oxygen supply is ensured.

When CTG is indicated:

• High-risk pregnancy (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, placental insufficiency, preeclampsia)
• Prolonged or induced labor
• Presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid
• Decreased perception of fetal movements
• Use of epidural anesthesia

An overly uniform heart rate without accelerations may be more concerning than a variable one.

• Spontaneous accelerations indicate active functioning of the fetal autonomic nervous system
• Absence of accelerations may suggest hypoxia or a prolonged fetal sleep phase

CTG interpretation always depends on context: gestational age, medications, body temperature, anemia, and fetal position can significantly affect the results

🔗 Learn more about fetal CTG here: invitro.md
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